Lihat sumber Litium nitrida

{{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Name = Litium nitrida
| verifiedrevid = 457636608
| ImageFile = Lithium-nitride-xtal-CM-3D-polyhedra.png
| ImageName = Sel satuan model bola dan tongkat litium nitrida
| PIN = Litium nitrida
| OtherNames = Trilitium nitrida
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 26134-62-3
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| EINECS = 247-475-2
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 30525
| SMILES = [Li+].[Li][N-][Li]
| InChI = 1S/3Li.N/q;;+1;-1
| InChIKey = AJUFTLIHDBAQOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = Li<sub>3</sub>N
| MolarMass = 34,83 g/mol
| Appearance = padatan merah, ungu
| Density = 1,270 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| MeltingPt = 813&nbsp;°C
| Solubility = bereaksi
| SolubleOther =
| Solvent =
| LogP = 3,24
  }}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = ''lihat teks''
| Coordination =
  }}
|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf =
| Entropy =
| HeatCapacity = 
  }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = 
| EUClass = 
| RPhrases = 
| SPhrases = 
| MainHazards = bereaksi dengan air membebaskan [[amonia]]
| NFPA-H = 
| NFPA-F = 
| NFPA-R = 
| NFPA-S = 
| FlashPt = 
| PEL = 
  }}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[Litium oksida]]
| OtherCations = [[Natrium nitrida]]
| OtherFunction =
| OtherFunction_label =
| OtherCompounds = [[Litium amida]], [[Litium imida]]
  }}
}}
'''Litium nitrida''' adalah [[senyawa anorganik|senyawa]] dengan [[Rumus kimia|rumus]] {{chem2|Li|3|N}}. Senyawa ini merupakan satu-satunya nitrida [[logam alkali]] yang stabil. Padatannya berwarna merah atau ungu dan memiliki [[Titik lebur|titik leleh]] tinggi.<ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw}}</ref>

== Preparasi dan penanganan ==
Litium nitrida dibuat melalui penggabungan langsung unsur nitrium dengan gas nitrogen:<ref>E. Döneges "Lithium Nitride" in ''Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry'', 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, New York. Vol. 1. p. 984.</ref>
:<chem>6Li + N2 -> 2Li3N</chem>
Alih-alih membakar logam litium dalam atmosfer nitrogen, larutan litium dalam logam [[natrium]] cair dapat diberi perlakuan dengan N{{sub|2}}.
Litium nitrida bereaksi hebat dengan [[air]] menghasilkan [[amonia]]:
:<chem>Li3N + 3H2O -> 3LiOH + NH3</chem>

== Struktur dan sifat ==
''alfa''-Li<sub>3</sub>N (stabil pada suhu dan tekanan ruang) memiliki [[struktur kristal]] yang tidak biasa yang terdiri dari dua jenis lapisan, satu lapisan memiliki komposisi Li<sub>2</sub>N<sup>−</sup> berisi pusat N 6-koordinasi dan lapisan lainnya hanya terdiri dari kation litium.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Barker M. G. |author2=Blake A. J. |author3=Edwards P. P. |author4=Gregory D. H. |author5=Hamor T. A. |author6=Siddons D. J. |author7=Smith S. E. | journal = [[Chemical Communications]] | year = 1999 | pages = 1187–1188 | doi = 10.1039/a902962a | title = Novel layered lithium nitridonickelates; effect of Li vacancy concentration on N co-ordination geometry and Ni oxidation state | issue = 13}}</ref> Dua bentuk lainnya yang diketahui: ''beta''-Litium nitrida, yang terbentuk dari fase alfa pada {{convert|4200|bar|atm}} memiliki struktur [[natrium arsenida]] (Na<sub>3</sub>As); ''gamma''-Litium nitrida (strukturnya sama seperti Li<sub>3</sub>Bi) terbentuk dari bentuk beta pada {{convert|35|-|45|GPa|atm}}.<ref name="his1">{{cite book | url = | title =Solid-State Hydrogen Storage: Materials and Chemistry| editor-first = G| editor-last = Walker| at = §16.2.1 Lithium nitride and hydrogen:a historical perspective|year = 2008 }}</ref>

Litium nitrida menunjukkan [[konduktivitas ionik (keadaan padat)|konduktivitas ionik]] untuk Li<sup>+</sup>, dengan nilai c.&nbsp;2×10<sup>−4</sup>Ω<sup>−1</sup>cm<sup>−1</sup>, dan [[energi aktivasi]] (intrakristal) c.&nbsp;0.26eV (c.&nbsp;24&nbsp;kJ/mol). Doping hidrogen meningkatkan konduktivitas, sementara doping dengan ion logam (Al, Cu, Mg) mengurangi konduktivitas.<ref>{{cite journal |url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0167273883900450| journal = Solid State Ionics| volume = 11| issue = 2| date = October 1983| pages = 97–103| title = Ionic conductivity of pure and doped Li3N| first = Torben |last = Lapp |first2= Steen|last2= Skaarup|first3 = Alan|last3=Hooper|doi = 10.1016/0167-2738(83)90045-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0375960176900827 | title = Lithium ion conductivity in lithium nitride| first = B. A. |last = Boukamp|first2= R. A. |last2 = Huggins| doi = 10.1016/0375-9601(76)90082-7 |journal = Physics Letters A| volume = 58| issue =4| date =6 September 1976|pages = 231–233}}</ref> Energi aktivasi untuk transfer litium melintasi kristal litium nitrida (interkristalin) telah diukur lebih tinggi pada c.&nbsp;68.5 kJ/mol.<ref>{{cite journal | url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0025540878900235| journal = Materials Research Bulletin| volume = 13| issue = 1| date = January 1978| pages = 23–32| title = Fast ionic conductivity in lithium nitride| first = B. A. | last = Boukamp| first2= R. A.|last2 = Huggins| doi = 10.1016/0025-5408(78)90023-5}}</ref> Bentuk alfa merupakan semikonduktor dengan sela pita c.&nbsp;2.1&nbsp;eV.<ref name="his1"/>

Reaksi dengan [[hidrogen]] di bawah 300&nbsp;°C (tekanan 0,5&nbsp;MPa ) menghasilkan [[litium hidrida]] dan [[litium amida]].<ref>{{cite journal | url = https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/matertrans/56/3/56_M2014382/_article| journal = Materials TransactionS| volume = 56 |year = 2015| number = 3 |pages = 410–414|doi = 10.2320/matertrans.M2014382| title = Ammonia Synthesis via Non-Equilibrium Reaction of Lithium Nitride in Hydrogen Flow Condition| first = Kiyotaka|last = Goshome1|first2= Hiroki |last2=Miyaoka2|first3= Hikaru|last3= Yamamoto1|first4 = Tomoyuki|last4 = Ichikawa3|first5 = Takayuki|last5= Ichikawa1 | first6 = Yoshitsugu|last6 = Kojima1 }}</ref>

Litium nitrida telah diinvestigasi sebagai [[penyimpanan hidrogen|media penyimpanan]] gas [[hidrogen]], karena reaksinya dapat balik pada 270&nbsp;°C. Telah dicapai absorpsi hidrogen mencapai 11,5%(b/b).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Ping Chen |author2=Zhitao Xiong |author3=Jizhong Luo |author4=Jianyi Lin |author5=Kuang Lee Tan | title = Interaction of hydrogen with metal nitrides and amides | journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] | volume = 420 | pages = 302–304 | year = 2002 | doi = 10.1038/nature01210 | pmid = 12447436 | issue = 6913}}</ref>

== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}

== Lihat juga ==
* [http://www.webelements.com/ WebElements]

{{Senyawa litium}}
{{senyawa-anorganik-stub}}

[[Kategori:Nitrida]]