Lihat sumber HD 40307

{{Starbox begin|name=[[Henry Draper Catalogue|HD]] 40307}}
{{Starbox image|image=[[Berkas:Location of HD 40307.png|250px]]|caption=Lokasi dari bintang HD 40307 (ditandai dengan panah dan berlian berwarna merah)}}
{{Starbox observe|epoch=[[J2000.0]] ([[International Celestial Reference System|ICRS]])|constell=[[Pictor]]|ra={{RA|05|54|04.2409}}<ref name=sb>{{SIMBAD link|HD+40307|HD 40307}}, entry, [[SIMBAD]].  Accessed online June 18, 2008.</ref>|dec={{DEC|−60|01|24.498}}<ref name="sb2"/>|appmag_v=7.17<ref name="sb2"/>}}
{{Starbox character|class=K2.5V<ref name="sb2"/>|u-b=|b-v=0.93<ref name="sb2"/>|v-r=|r-i=}}
{{Starbox astrometry|radial_v=+30.4&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.2<ref name="sb2"/>|prop_mo_ra=−51.76 <ref name="sb2"/>|prop_mo_dec=−60.44 <ref name="sb2"/>|parallax=77.95|p_error=0.53|parallax_footnote=<ref name="sb2"/>|absmag_v=6.57<ref name=cgssn09>{{citation
 | display-authors=1 | last1=Holmberg | first1=J.
 | last2=Nordström | first2=B. | last3=Andersen | first3=J.
 | title=The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the solar neighbourhood. III. Improved distances, ages, and kinematics
 | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics
 | volume=501 | issue=3 |date=July 2009 | pages=941–947
 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/200811191 | bibcode=2009A&A...501..941H
 | arxiv=0811.3982 | postscript=. }}</ref>}}
{{Starbox detail|mass=0.75{{±|0.03|0.04}}<ref name="geneva">[http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=V/117A/newcat&recno=3947 HD 40307] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109063645/http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=V%2F117A%2Fnewcat&recno=3947 |date=2018-01-09 }}, database entry, Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of Solar neighbourhood, J. Holmberg et al., 2007, [[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg|CDS]] database [http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?V/117A V/117A] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208164929/http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=V%2F117A%2Fnewcat.dat&recno=9988 |date=2016-02-08 }}, accessed November 19, 2008; described in The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of ~14 000 F and G dwarfs, B. Nordström, M. Mayor, J. Andersen, J. Holmberg, F. Pont, B. R. Jørgensen, E. H. Olsen, S. Udry, and N. Mowlavi, ''[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]]'' '''418''' (May 2004), pp. 989–1019, {{bibcode|2004A&A...418..989N}}, {{doi|10.1051/0004-6361:20035959}}.</ref>|radius=0.716 ± 0.010<ref name="2massphot">[http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=J/A%2bA/450/735/table2&recno=2686 HD 40307] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021151600/http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=J%2FA%2BA%2F450%2F735%2Ftable2&recno=2686 |date=2016-10-21 }}, entry, [[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg|CDS]] database [http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?J/A%2bA/450/735 J/A+A/450/735] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119060617/http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?J%2FA%2BA%2F450%2F735 |date=2018-01-19 }}; described in Effective temperature scale and bolometric corrections from 2MASS photometry, E. Masana, C. Jordi, and I. Ribas, ''Astronomy and Astrophysics'' '''450''', #2 (May 2006), pp. 735–746. {{bibcode|2006A&A...450..735M}}. {{doi|10.1051/0004-6361:20054021}}.</ref>|gravity=4.47 ± 0.16<ref name="mayor08">{{cite journal|display-authors= 7|author= M. Mayor|author2= S. Udry|author3= C. Lovis|author4= F. Pepe|author5= D. Queloz|author6= W. Benz|author7= J.-L. Bertaux|author8= F. Bouchy|author9= C. Mordasini|author10= D. Segransan|title=The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XIII. A planetary system with 3 Super-Earths (4.2, 6.9, & 9.2 Earth masses)|journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]]|bibcode=2009A&A...493..639M|arxiv=0806.4587|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:200810451|date= 2009|volume= 493|issue= 2|pages= 639–644}}</ref>|luminosity_bolometric=0.23<ref name="mayor08" />|luminosity_visual=0.19 Using the absolute visual magnitude of HD 40307 <math>\scriptstyle M_{V_{\ast}}=6.63</math> and the absolute visual magnitude of the Sun <math>\scriptstyle M_{V_{\odot}}=4.83</math>, the visual luminosity can be calculated by <math>\scriptstyle \frac{L_{V_{\ast}}}{L_{V_{\odot}}}=10^{0.4\left(M_{V_{\odot}} - M_{V_{\ast}}\right)}</math></ref>|temperature=4977 ± 59<ref name="mayor08" />|metal_fe=−0.31 ± 0.03<ref name="mayor08" />|rotation={{val|31.8|6.7|u=d}}<ref name=mnras452_3_2745>{{cite journal| display-authors=1| last1=Suárez Mascareño | first1=A. | last2=Rebolo | first2=R.| last3=González Hernández | first3=J. I. | last4=Esposito | first4=M.| title=Rotation periods of late-type dwarf stars from time series high-resolution spectroscopy of chromospheric indicators| journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society| volume=452 | issue=3 | pages=2745–2756 | date=September 2015| doi=10.1093/mnras/stv1441 | bibcode=2015MNRAS.452.2745S| arxiv=1506.08039}}</ref>|rotational_velocity=3|age_gyr=1.2&nbsp;(≥&nbsp;0.2)<ref name=geneva />}}
{{Starbox catalog|names=[[Durchmusterung|CD]]−60&nbsp;1303, [[Durchmusterung|CPD]]−60&nbsp;508, [[Boss General Catalogue|GC]]&nbsp;7474, [[Gliese-Jahreiss catalogue|GJ]]&nbsp;2046, [[Hipparcos Catalogue|HIP]]&nbsp;27887, [[PPM Star Catalogue|PPM]]&nbsp;355061, [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalog|SAO]]&nbsp;249388.<ref name="sb2"/>}}
{{Starbox reference|Simbad=HD+40307|NSTED=HD+40307|ARICNS=02347|EPE=HD+40307}}
{{starbox end}}<span data-segmentid="255" class="cx-segment">'''HD 40307''' adalah [[bintang]] [[Deret utama|sekuens utama]] oranye ([[Klasifikasi bintang|tipe K]]) yang terletak sekitar 42 tahun [[Tahun cahaya|cahaya]] di [[Rasi bintang|rasi]] bintang [[Pictor]] ([[Pictor|Kuda]] - [[Kuda-kuda|kuda]]), mengambil nama utamanya dari penunjukan [[Katalog Henry Draper]].</span> <span data-segmentid="264" class="cx-segment">Diperkirakan sedikit lebih kecil dari [[Matahari]].</span> <span data-segmentid="266" class="cx-segment">HD 40307 diamati selama atau sebelum 1900 sebagai bagian dari [[Tanjung Fotografi Durchmusterung|Cape Photographic Durchmusterung]] .<ref>[http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=I/108/cpd&recno=379090 CPD−60&nbsp;508] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210957/http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=I%2F108%2Fcpd&recno=379090 |date=2016-03-03 }}, database entry, Cape Photographic Durchmusterung (CPD), D. Gill and J. C. Kapetyn, 1895–1900, [[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg|CDS]] ID [http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?I/108 I/108] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423225544/http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?I%2F108 |date=2008-04-23 }}.</ref></span> <span data-segmentid="268" class="cx-segment">Bintang ini memiliki enam [[Planet luar tata surya|planet yang]] diketahui, tiga ditemukan pada 2008 <ref name="sb2">[http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=HD+40307 HD 40307] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702131640/http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=HD+40307 |date=2018-07-02 }}, entry, [[SIMBAD]].  Accessed online June 18, 2008.</ref><ref name="msnbc">[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/25191635/ Three super-Earths found around one star] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023214849/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/25191635/ |date=2012-10-23 }}, Jeanna Bryner, [[MSNBC]], June 16, 2008. Accessed on line June 18, 2008.</ref> dan tiga lainnya pada 2012.</span> <span data-segmentid="270" class="cx-segment">Salah satunya, [[HD 40307 g]], adalah potensi [[Bumi super|super-Bumi]] di [[zona laik huni]], dengan periode orbit sekitar 200 hari.</span> <span data-segmentid="274" class="cx-segment">Objek ini mungkin mampu mendukung air cair di permukaannya, meskipun lebih banyak informasi harus diperoleh sebelum kelaikhunaannya dapat dinilai.<ref name="latimes-nov122">[http://www.latimes.com/news/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-earthlike-planet-water-atmosphere-red-light-20121107,0,2600859.story Possible Earth-like planet could hold water; scientists cautious] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221082108/http://www.latimes.com/news/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-earthlike-planet-water-atmosphere-red-light-20121107,0,2600859.story |date=2013-12-21 }}, Amina Khan, [[Los Angeles Times]], November 7, 2012. Accessed on line November 8, 2012.</ref><ref name="tuomi124">{{Cite journal|last=Tuomi|first=Mikko|last2=Anglada-Escude|first2=Guillem|last3=Gerlach|first3=Enrico|last4=Jones|first4=Hugh R. R.|last5=Reiners|first5=Ansgar|last6=Rivera|first6=Eugenio J.|last7=Vogt|first7=Steven S.|last8=Butler|first8=R. Paul|date=2012|title=Habitable-zone super-Earth candidate in a six-planet system around the K2.5V star HD 40307|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics|volume=549|page=A48|arxiv=1211.1617|bibcode=2013A&A...549A..48T|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201220268}}</ref><ref name="Space-20121107a">{{Cite web|url=http://www.space.com/18393-alien-planet-super-earth-habitable-hd-40307g.html|title='Super-Earth' Alien Planet May Be Habitable for Life|last=Wall|first=Mike|date=November 7, 2012|publisher=[[Space.com]]|access-date=November 8, 2012|archive-date=2019-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412234945/https://www.space.com/18393-alien-planet-super-earth-habitable-hd-40307g.html|dead-url=no}}</ref></span>  

== Sejarah ==
<span data-segmentid="276" class="cx-segment">Penunjukan ''HD 40307'' berasal dari [[Katalog Henry Draper|Henry Draper Catalogue]], yang didasarkan pada klasifikasi spektral yang dibuat antara 1911 dan 1915 oleh [[Annie Jump Cannon]] dan rekan kerjanya, dan diterbitkan antara 1918 dan 1924.<ref>pp. 214–215 in The Henry Draper Memorial, Annie J. Cannon, ''Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada'' '''9''', #5 (May–June 1915), pp. 203–215, {{Bibcode|1915JRASC...9..203C}}.</ref><ref>The Henry Draper Catalogue, Annie J. Cannon and Edward C. Pickering, ''Annals of Harvard College Observatory'';<br />hours 0 to 3, '''91''' (1918), {{Bibcode|1918AnHar..91....1C}};<br />hours 4 to 6, '''92''' (1918), {{Bibcode|1918AnHar..92....1C}};<br />hours 7 to 8, '''93''' (1919), {{Bibcode|1919AnHar..93....1C}};<br />hours 9 to 11, '''94''' (1919), {{Bibcode|1919AnHar..94....1C}};<br />hours 12 to 14, '''95''' (1920), {{Bibcode|1920AnHar..95....1C}};<br />hours 15 to 16, '''96''' (1921), {{Bibcode|1921AnHar..96....1C}};<br />hours 17 to 18, '''97''' (1922), {{Bibcode|1922AnHar..97....1C}};<br />hours 19 to 20, '''98''' (1923), {{Bibcode|1923AnHar..98....1C}};<br />hours 21 to 23, '''99''' (1924), {{Bibcode|1924AnHar..99....1C}}.</ref></span>

== Karakteristik ==
<span data-segmentid="280" class="cx-segment">Sebagai bintang tipe K, HD 40307 memancarkan cahaya berwarna oranye.<ref name="sb2"/></span> <span data-segmentid="281" class="cx-segment">Ia hanya memiliki sekitar tiga perempat dari jari-jari dan massa [[Matahari]].</span><ref>{{Cite web|title=HD 40307|url=http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=V/117A/newcat&recno=3947|access-date=2022-02-01|archive-date=2018-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109063645/http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=V%2F117A%2Fnewcat&recno=3947|dead-url=no}}</ref> <span data-segmentid="283" class="cx-segment">Suhunya diukur sedikit di bawah 5000 [[Kelvin|K.]] Ini relatif tinggi untuk bintang tipe-K, mendekati suhu yang biasanya ditemukan pada bintang tipe-G seperti Matahari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/distance/strobel/starprop/strpropd.htm|title=Properties of Stars|date=2007|website=Astronomy Notes|publisher=Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080622012045/http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/distance/strobel/starprop/strpropd.htm|archive-date=June 22, 2008|dead-url=yes|access-date=27 November 2008}}</ref></span>

<span data-segmentid="285" class="cx-segment">Para astronom yang menemukan planet-planet yang mengorbit HD 40307 menyarankan bahwa [[Metalisitas|logam]] - [[Metalisitas|logam]] bintang menentukan apakah atau tidak benda-benda planet yang mengorbitnya akan terestrial, seperti Bumi, atau gas, seperti [[Yupiter|Jupiter]] dan [[Saturnus]].<ref name="arXiv">{{Cite journal|last=M. Mayor|last2=S. Udry|last3=C. Lovis|last4=F. Pepe|last5=D. Queloz|last6=W. Benz|last7=J.-L. Bertaux|last8=F. Bouchy|last9=C. Mordasini|displayauthors=7|date=2009|title=The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XIII. A planetary system with 3 Super-Earths (4.2, 6.9, & 9.2 Earth masses)|journal=[[Astronomy & Astrophysics]]|volume=493|issue=2|pages=639–644|arxiv=0806.4587|bibcode=2009A&A...493..639M|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:200810451}}</ref></span>

=== Jarak pandang ===
<span data-segmentid="290" class="cx-segment">Meskipun relatif dekat dengan Matahari pada 42 tahun cahaya, HD 40307 tidak terlihat oleh mata telanjang, mengingat [[Magnitudo semu|besarnya yang tampak]] adalah 7,17.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/stars/magnitudes.html|title=Stellar Magnitudes|date=2008|website=Astrophysics 162 Unit|publisher=[[University of Tennessee]]|access-date=20 November 2008|archive-date=2020-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512175551/http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/stars/magnitudes.html|dead-url=no}}</ref></span>

== Sistem Keplanetan ==
[[Berkas:HD40307.svg|al=|jmpl|<span data-segmentid="294" class="cx-segment">Orbit dari tiga planet bagian dalam HD 40307.</span>]]
<span data-segmentid="295" class="cx-segment">Setelah menghabiskan lima tahun mengamati bintang,<ref name="SOL">{{Cite web|url=http://www.solstation.com/stars2/hd40307.htm|title=HD 40307 / CD-60 1303|date=2008|website=SolStation|publisher=Sol Company|access-date=27 November 2008|archive-date=2013-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516160751/http://www.solstation.com/stars2/hd40307.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref> [[Observatorium Selatan Eropa|Organisasi Eropa untuk Penelitian Astronomi di Belahan Selatan]] (''ESO'') mengumumkan bahwa mereka telah menemukan tiga [[Bumi super|super-Bumi]] di orbit sekitar HD 40307 pada Juni 2008.</span> <span data-segmentid="298" class="cx-segment">Ketiga planet terdeteksi oleh metode [[kecepatan radial]], menggunakan sistem spektograf [[Pencari Planet Kecepatan Radial Akurasi Tinggi|HARPS]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7457307.stm|title=Trio of 'super-Earths' discovered|last=Mayor|display-authors=etal|date=2008-06-16|work=BBC news|access-date=2008-06-16|archive-date=2012-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305170221/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7457307.stm|dead-url=no}}</ref></span>

<span data-segmentid="301" class="cx-segment">Pada 2012, analisis independen yang dilakukan oleh tim astronom yang dipimpin oleh [[Mikko Tuomi]] dari University of Hertfordshire mengkonfirmasi keberadaan planet-planet ini dan menemukan tiga planet tambahan dalam sistem.<ref name="latimes-nov122"/><ref name="tuomi124"/></span>

<span data-segmentid="303" class="cx-segment">Lima dari planet-planet mengorbit sangat dekat dengan bintang,<ref name="tuomi124"/> dengan yang terjauh dari mereka terletak dua kali lebih dekat dengan HD 40307 daripada planet [[Merkurius]] ke [[Matahari]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/mercuryfact.html|title=Mercury Fact Sheet|date=November 30, 2007|publisher=[[NASA]] Goddard Space Flight Center|access-date=2008-11-12|archive-date=2015-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106171436/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/mercuryfact.html|dead-url=no}}</ref></span>  <span data-segmentid="306" class="cx-segment">Planet terluar mengorbit pada jarak yang mirip dengan jarak [[Venus]] ke [[Matahari]] dan terletak baik di [[zona laik huni]] [[Air cair ekstraterestrial|air cair]] sistem.<ref name="tuomi124"/></span>

<span data-segmentid="311" class="cx-segment">[[Massa minimum]] planet-planet dalam sistem berkisar dari tiga hingga sepuluh kali [[Massa bumi|massa Bumi]], menempatkan mereka di suatu tempat antara [[Bumi]] dan raksasa gas seperti [[Uranus]] dan [[Neptunus]].<ref name="tuomi124"/></span> <span data-segmentid="317" class="cx-segment">Analisis dinamis dari planet-planet terdalam menunjukkan bahwa planet [[HD 40307 b|b]] tidak stabil pada usianya kecuali jika itu adalah raksasa es, setelah bermigrasi dari jauh.</span> <span data-segmentid="319" class="cx-segment">Itu menyiratkan serupa untuk planet lain, bahkan lebih jauh.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Barnes|first=Rory|last2=Jackson|first2=Brian|last3=Raymond|first3=Sean N.|last4=West|first4=Andrew A.|last5=Greenberg|first5=Richard|date=January 13, 2009|title=The HD 40307 Planetary System: Super-Earths or Mini-Neptunes?|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=695|issue=2|pages=1006–1011|arxiv=0901.1698|bibcode=2009ApJ...695.1006B|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/1006}}</ref></span> <span data-segmentid="320" class="cx-segment">Penemuan terbaru juga menunjukkan melalui analisis dinamik bahwa massa planet benar tidak bisa jauh lebih tinggi dari massa minimumnya.<ref name="tuomi124" /></span>{{OrbitboxPlanet begin|table_ref=<ref name="tuomi124"/>}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet|exoplanet=[[HD 40307 b|b]]|mass_earth=≥ 4.0 {{±|0.8|0.7}}|period=4.3123 {{±|0.0011|0.0012}}|semimajor=0.0468 {{±|0.0023|0.0024}}|eccentricity=0.20 {{±|0.16|0.14}}}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet|exoplanet=[[HD 40307 c|c]]|mass_earth=≥ 6.6 {{±|1.1|1.0}}|period=9.6184 {{±|0.0050|0.0049}}|semimajor=0.0799 ± 0.0040|eccentricity=0.06 {{±|0.06|0.11}}}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet|exoplanet=[[HD 40307 d|d]]|mass_earth=≥ 9.5 {{±|1.7|1.5}}|period=20.432 {{±|0.022|0.024}}|semimajor=0.1321 {{±|0.0066|0.0064}}|eccentricity=0.07 {{±|0.11|0.07}}}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet|exoplanet=[[HD 40307 e|e]]|mass_earth=≥ 3.5 ± 1.4|period=34.62 {{±|0.21|0.20}}|semimajor=0.1886 {{±|0.083|0.0104}}|eccentricity=0.15 {{±|0.13|0.15}}}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet|exoplanet=[[HD 40307 f|f]]|mass_earth=≥ 5.2 {{±|1.5|1.6}}|period=51.76 {{±|0.50|0.46}}|semimajor=0.247 {{±|0.011|0.014}}|eccentricity=0.02 {{±|0.20|0.02}}}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet|exoplanet=[[HD 40307 g|g]]|mass_earth=≥ 7.1 ± 2.6|period=197.8 {{±|9.0|5.7}}|semimajor=0.600 {{±|0.034|0.033}}|eccentricity=0.29 {{±|0.31|0.29}}|radius_earth=2.39}}
{{Orbitbox end}}<br />
== Lihat Juga ==

* [[Planet ekstrasurya|Planet Ekstrasurya]]
* <span data-segmentid="453" class="cx-segment">Bintang-bintang lain dengan planet yang ditemukan pada Juni 2008:</span>

# [[HD 181433]]
# [[HD 47186]]
# [[MOA-2007-BLG-192L]]

== Referensi ==
<references />

[[Kategori:Rasi bintang Pictor]]
[[Kategori:Deret utama oranye]]