Lihat sumber Boson Higgs

{{Infobox Particle
| name = Boson Higgs
| image = [[Berkas:CMS Higgs-event.jpg|220px]]
| caption = Peristiwa simulasi yang menampilkan kemunculan boson Higgs 
| num_types = 1, menurut [[Model Standar]]; <br />5 atau lebih, menurut model [[supersimetri]]
| composition = [[Partikel dasar]]
| statistics = [[Bosonik]]
| group =
| generation =
| interaction =
| particle =
| antiparticle =
| status = Sebuah partikel baru dengan massa 125 GeV ditemukan pada tahun 2012 dan kemudian dikonfirmasi menjadi boson Higgs dengan pengukuran yang lebih tepat.<ref name="CERN_EPS2017">{{cite press release |website=Media and Press relations |url=https://press.cern/update/2017/07/lhc-experiments-delve-deeper-precision |title=LHC experiments delve deeper into precision |date=11 July 2017 |publisher=CERN |accessdate=2017-07-23 }} {{Cite web |url=http://press.cern/update/2017/07/lhc-experiments-delve-deeper-precision |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2021-02-04 |archive-date=2017-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714090456/http://press.cern/update/2017/07/lhc-experiments-delve-deeper-precision |dead-url=unfit }}</ref>
| theorized = [[François Englert|F. Englert]], [[Robert Brout|R. Brout]], [[Peter Higgs|P. Higgs]], [[Gerald Guralnik|G. S. Guralnik]], [[C. R. Hagen]], and [[T. W. B. Kibble]] (1964)
| discovered = Tim eksperimen ATLAS dan CMS di Large Hadron Collider (2011-2013)
| symbol ={{SubatomicParticle|Higgs boson}}
| mass = {{nowrap|125.09±0.21 (stat.)±0.11 (syst.) [[Electronvolt#Mass|GeV/''c''<sup>2</sup>]]}} (CMS+ATLAS)<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=ATLAS |last2=CMS |authorlink1=ATLAS experiment|authorlink2=Compact Muon Solenoid|arxiv=1503.07589 |title= Combined Measurement of the Higgs Boson Mass in pp Collisions at √s=7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS and CMS Experiments|journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=114 |issue=19 |pages=191803 |date=14 May 2015 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.191803 |pmid=26024162 |bibcode=2015PhRvL.114s1803A }}</ref>
| mean_lifetime = {{val|1.56|e=-22|u=s}}{{#tag:ref
 | In the [[Standard Model]], the total [[decay width]] of a Higgs boson with a mass of {{val|125|u=GeV/c2}} is predicted to be {{val|4.07|e=-3|u=GeV}}.<ref name="LHCcrosssections">
  {{cite journal
   |title=Handbook of LHC Higgs Cross Sections: 2. Differential Distributions
   |author=LHC Higgs Cross Section Working Group
   |journal=CERN Report 2 (Tables A.1 – A.20)
   |arxiv=1201.3084
   |bibcode = 2012arXiv1201.3084L
   |ref=harv
   |last2=Dittmaier
   |last3=Mariotti
   |last4=Passarino
   |last5=Tanaka
   |last6=Alekhin
   |last7=Alwall
   |last8=Bagnaschi
   |last9=Banfi
   |volume=1201
   |year=2012
   |page=3084
  |doi=10.5170/CERN-2012-002
   }}</ref> The mean lifetime is given by <math>\tau = \hbar/\Gamma</math>.|group=lower-alpha|name="meanlife"
 }} (diprediksi)
| decay_time =
| decay_particle =
| electric_charge =
| color_charge =
| spin = 0
| num_spin_states =
}}

'''Boson Higgs''' adalah [[partikel dasar]] masif hipotetis yang diperkirakan ada sesuai [[Model Standar]] (MS) [[fisika partikel]]. Keberadaannya diyakini sebagai tanda-tanda penyelesaian atas sejumlah inkonsistensi pada Model Standar. Eksperimen untuk menemukan partikel ini sedang dilakukan dengan menggunakan [[Large Hadron Collider]] (LHC) di [[CERN]], serta di [[Tevatron]] [[Fermilab]] sampai Tevatron ditutup pada akhir 2011. Pada 12 Desember 2011, kolaborasi ATLAS di LHC menemukan bahwa massa boson Higgs yang beragam mulai dari 145 sampai 206 GeV ditiadakan dengan tingkat keyakinan 95%. Kolaborasi CMS di LHC akan diumumkan pada 13 Desember.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-16116230
|work=BBC
|title=Higgs boson: Excitement builds over 'glimpses' at LHC
|accessdate=2011-12-13
|date=2011-12-12
}}</ref>

Boson Higgs adalah satu-satunya partikel dasar prediksi Model Standar yang belum diamati dalam [[eksperimen fisika partikel]].<ref name="Griff">{{cite book|last       = Griffiths|first      = David|authorlink = David Griffiths (physicist)|title         = Introduction to Elementary Particles|url       = https://archive.org/details/introductiontoel00grif_752|edition   = Second, Revised|year      = 2008|publisher = [[Wiley-VCH]]|isbn      = 978-3-527-40601-2|page      = [https://archive.org/details/introductiontoel00grif_752/page/n417 403]|chapter   = 12.1 The Higgs Boson|quote         = The Higgs particle is the only element in the Standard Model for which there is as yet no compelling experimental evidence.}}</ref> Partikel ini adalah bagian integral dari [[mekanisme Higgs]], bagian dari Model Standar yang menjelaskan bagaimana sebagian besar partikel dasar yang telah diketahui memperoleh [[massa]]nya.<ref group="Note">Massa partikel komposit seperti proton dan neuron hanya ada karena mekanisme Higgs, dan sudah diakui sebagai akibat dari [[interaksi kuat]].</ref> Misalnya, mekanisme Higgs akan menjelaskan mengapa [[boson W dan Z]], yang menjadi perantara interaksi lemah, memiliki massa sementara [[foton]], yang menjadi perantara elektromagnetisme, tidak memiliki massa. Boson Higgs diperkirakan termasuk dalam kelas partikel [[boson skalar]] ([[boson]] adalah partikel dengan [[putaran (fisika)|putaran]] integer, dan boson skalar memiliki putaran 0.) <!--The photon is a kind of boson and so is the less-familiar [[gluon]], along with the W and Z particles mentioned above. These particles are all [[vector boson]]s, with spin 1.  At present there are no known elementary scalar bosons in nature, although many composite spin-0 particles are known.-- --Is all this relevant?-->

Teori yang tidak membutuhkan boson Higgs juga muncul dan akan dipertimbangkan jika keberadaan boson Higgs ditiadakan. Teori-teori tersebut disebut sebagai [[model nir-Higgs]]. Sejumlah teori menyatakan bahwa mekanisme apapun yang mampu menciptakan massa partikel dasar harus tampak dengan energi kurang dari 1,4 [[TeV]];<ref>{{cite journal
 |last=Lee |first=Benjamin W.
 |last2=Quigg |first2=C.
 |last3=Thacker |first3=H. B. 
 |year=1977
 |title=Weak interactions at very high energies: The role of the Higgs-boson mass 
 |journal=[[Physical Review D]]
 |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=1519–1531
 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.16.1519
|bibcode = 1977PhRvD..16.1519L }}</ref> karena itu, LHC diharapkan mampu memberikan bukti eksperimental atas keberadaan atau ketidakberadaan boson Higgs.<ref>
{{cite news
|url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/11/11/lhc.large.hadron.collider.beam/index.html
|work=CNN
|title=Huge $10 billion collider resumes hunt for 'God particle' - CNN.com
|accessdate=2010-05-04
|date=2009-11-11
}}</ref>

Pada akhir 2011 sejumlah percobaan berangsur-angsur telah menekankan kisaran massa sekitar {{val|125|ul=GeV/c2}}. Pada tanggal 4 Juli 2012, tim eksperimen [[Compact Muon Solenoid|CMS]] dan [[Percobaan ATLAS|ATLAS]] pada Large Hadron Collider secara independen mengumumkan bahwa mereka mengkonfirmasi penemuan boson yang belum diketahui sebelumnya dengan massa antara 125-127 GeV/c<sup>2</sup>, yang perilakunya sejauh ini "konsisten" dengan boson Higgs, sambil menambahkan catatan hati-hati bahwa data dan analisis lebih lanjut diperlukan sebelum mendapatkan identifikasi positif boson tersebut sebagai sejenis boson Higgs.<ref>[http://press.web.cern.ch/press/PressReleases/Releases2012/PR17.12E.html CERN experiments observe particle consistent with long-sought Higgs boson] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705215550/http://press.web.cern.ch/press/PressReleases/Releases2012/PR17.12E.html |date=2012-07-05 }} Siaran pers CERN, diakses pada 10 Juli 2012</ref>

== Catatan ==
<references group="Note" />

== Lihat pula ==
{{Wikipedia books|Particles of the Standard Model}}
* [[Statistik Bose–Einstein]]
* [[Boson]]
* [[Boson Higgs dalam fiksi]]
* [[Mekanisme Higgs]]
* [[Daftar partikel]]
* [[Trivialitas kuantum]]
* [[Interaksi Yukawa]]
* [[Diboson ZZ]]

== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Pustaka ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal |author=G.S. Guralnik, C.R. Hagen and T.W.B. Kibble |title=Global Conservation Laws and Massless Particles |journal=[[Physical Review Letters]] |year=1964 |volume=13 |issue=20 |page=585 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.585 |bibcode=1964PhRvL..13..585G}}
* {{Cite journal | author=G.S. Guralnik | title=The History of the Guralnik, Hagen and Kibble development of the Theory of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and Gauge Particles | journal=[[International Journal of Modern Physics A]] | year=2009 | volume=24 | issue=14 | pages=2601–2627 | doi=10.1142/S0217751X09045431 | arxiv=0907.3466|bibcode = 2009IJMPA..24.2601G }}
* [http://www.datafilehost.com/download-7d512618.html Guralnik, G S; Hagen, C R and Kibble, T W B (1967). Broken Symmetries and the Goldstone Theorem. Advances in Physics, vol. 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423102231/http://www.datafilehost.com/download-7d512618.html |date=2012-04-23 }}
* {{Cite journal |author=F. Englert and R. Brout |title=Broken Symmetry and the Mass of Gauge Vector Mesons |journal=[[Physical Review Letters]] |year=1964 |volume=13 |issue=9 |page=321 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.321 |bibcode=1964PhRvL..13..321E}}
* {{Cite journal |author=P. Higgs |title=Broken Symmetries, Massless Particles and Gauge Fields |journal=[[Physics Letters]] |year=1964 |volume=12 |issue=2 |page=132 |doi=10.1016/0031-9163(64)91136-9|bibcode = 1964PhL....12..132H }}
* {{Cite journal |author=P. Higgs |title=Broken Symmetries and the Masses of Gauge Bosons |journal=[[Physical Review Letters]] |year=1964 |volume=13 |issue=16 |page=508 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.508 |bibcode=1964PhRvL..13..508H}}
* {{Cite journal |author=P. Higgs |title=Spontaneous Symmetry Breakdown without Massless Bosons |journal=[[Physical Review]] |year=1966 |volume=145 |issue=4 |page=1156 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.145.1156|bibcode = 1966PhRv..145.1156H }}
* {{Cite journal |author=Y. Nambu and G. Jona-Lasinio |title=Dynamical Model of Elementary Particles Based on an Analogy with Superconductivity |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_physical-review_1961-04-01_122_1/page/n347 |journal=[[Physical Review]] |year=1961 |volume=122 |pages=345–358 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.122.345|bibcode = 1961PhRv..122..345N }}
* {{Cite journal |author=J. Goldstone, A. Salam and S. Weinberg |title=Broken Symmetries |journal=[[Physical Review]] |year=1962 |volume=127 |issue=3 |page=965 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.127.965|bibcode = 1962PhRv..127..965G }}
* {{Cite journal |author=P.W. Anderson |title=Plasmons, Gauge Invariance, and Mass |journal=[[Physical Review]] |year=1963 |volume=130 |page=439 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.130.439|bibcode = 1963PhRv..130..439A }}
* {{Cite journal |author=A. Klein and B.W. Lee |title=Does Spontaneous Breakdown of Symmetry Imply Zero-Mass Particles? |journal=[[Physical Review Letters]] |year=1964 |volume=12 |issue=10 |page=266 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.12.266 |bibcode=1964PhRvL..12..266K}}
* {{Cite journal |author=W. Gilbert |title=Broken Symmetries and Massless Particles |journal=[[Physical Review Letters]] |year=1964 |volume=12 |issue=25 |page=713 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.12.713 |bibcode=1964PhRvL..12..713G}}
{{Refend}}

== Pranala luar ==
* [http://cmsinfo.web.cern.ch/cmsinfo/Physics/HuntingHiggs/index.html Hunting the Higgs boson at C.M.S. Experiment, at CERN]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.exploratorium.edu/origins/cern/ideas/higgs.html The Higgs boson]" by the CERN exploratorium.
* [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2005/reviews/contents_sports.html#hyppartetc Particle Data Group: Review of searches for Higgs bosons.]

{{Partikel}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Higgs Boson}}
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